Easy Way to install Proteus 7.6 SP4

Easy Way to install Proteus 7.6 SP4 

[1] if you have a previous version of Proteus, you must first uninstall it.
[2] Download Proteus7.6 from Here. 


[3] Download the license file and the Crack from Here.

[4] after downloading, open the Proteus 7.6SP4 Folder and select the setup.exe file as shown:
[5] Press Next



[6] select Yes:

[7] Select the first option. then click Next :

[8] if you didn't install it before, you will notice that there is no license file exist. if you installed it before you will automatically find the license. but ensure that it is valid and not expired. And if it is invalid, you must do the step in the notes bellow. So, press Next :

[9] From the dialog appeared select browse for key file :

[10] you will find the license file in the crack folder that you've downloaded at step[3] select the license file "Sonsivri" then select open:


[11] Select install :


[12] a confirmation dialog will appear. select Yes :


[13] you will see the items moved to the right side. So, select Close :

[14] after ensuring that the Expiry date is 1/1/2030, select Next :


[15] Select Next :

[16] Then, Next:


[17] Then, Next:


[18] Now you are installing the program. So, be patient for a while :

[19] after finishing installation, Select Finish :

 
Now we will show how to install the Crack :
[1] go to the crack folder you've downloaded at step [3] and copy the patch file:

[2] Paste the file into the Program installation folder in program files:"C:\Program Files\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 7 Professional"[3] Run the Patch file and press Patch :
Note: for windows Vista and windows 7 you must run it as an administrator by right click on the file and select "run as an administrator"

• Also if you have any antivirus software so disable this first and then open the Patch file  .

[4] a message will appear asking for a missing file "ISIS.EXE". So, go to:"C:\Program Files\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 7 Professional\BIN"
and point to the file:

[5] another message asking for a missing file "82XX.DLL" so, go to"C:\Program Files\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 7 Professional\MODELS"
and point to the file:

[6] after patching done click Exit:

[7] Now you have finished installing the program. to run it go to" Start Menu>>All Programs>>Proteus 7 Professional>> ISIS7 Professional "

___________

Notes:
if you installed it before with an invalid License file you can do this step after finishing installing the program and crack :
go to " Start Menu>>All Programs>>Proteus 7 Professional>> Licence Manager"
and do the steps from [9] to [13].

Thanks u for learning ......

Electronics Lab Created By Muhammad Irfan     

Electronics Softwares Store

Best Free Electronics Useful Software Collection ......

1. Kiel u version

2. Proteus_7.6     Crack file download from  Here

3. Pinacle

      Protel99se (Licenced)

NEW  SERIAL PORT SOTFWARES .....

1. virtual serial port driver
2. hyper-terminal
3. free-virtual-serial-ports
4. free-serial-port-monitor
5. advanced serial port monitor 4
6. Serial port programmer software

 

How to download ...

Step1 : Click on any link ,so this page wil be open ....

 Step2: Now When you click on given link this window will be open ...

  

Electronics Lab created by Muhammad Irfan

Common Book shop

In This post you can easy Download some important books

1. • Best English Learning  Book Through Urdu (1st)

   • Best English Book(2nd)

Electronics Lab Created By Muhammad Irfan

Electronics Books

Electronics Books Free Download

 

Here you can easily Download any Electronics Book

1. 8051 Programming Tutorial Book (1)

2. 8051 Programming Tutorial Book (2)

3. Antenna Design 

4. Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Fundamentals

5. business_model_canvas_poster

6. business_model_canvas_poster

7. C++_By_Dissection_(2002)

8. Data_Communications_and_Networking_-_Behrouz_A._Forouzan

9. ebooksclub.org__Confronting_Climate_Change__Shortcuts_

10. Filters

11. Java How to Program 9th Edition

12. Linux C++ Programming HOWTO

13. Robot Simulator

14. Sams Teach Yourself C++ for Linux in 21 Days

15. Startup An Insider’s Guide to Launching and Running a Business

555 timer IC Inverter 12V to 220V

This article explains What is inverter? And how can you construct your own simple low cost 12V to 220V inverter circuit. An inverter is nothing but a DC to AC converter. Inverters are very useful electronics products for compensating emergency power failure, as it performs DC to AC conversion.

CBZ4DUQZD2JF

AC can’t be stored for future use but DC can be stored for future use in a battery. The stored DC can be converted back to AC by using power inverters.
Here is the simple inverter circuit diagram using 555 timer IC. The astable multivibrator mode operation of 555 timer utilized here for AC oscillations and these oscillations are switched via transistor 2SC4029 to a transformer. The transformer step ups the voltage to 220V AC. Use a 12V battery and Battery charger circuit for this project. Design of inverter circuit is also given. 

Circuit diagram of DC to AC inverter

Electronics Lab

Components required

1. Power supply (12V)
2. Resistors (3kΩ x 2; 1kΩ, 2W x 1)
3. Capacitor (10µF)
4. 555 timer IC
5. Diode(1N4007)
6. Transistor (2SC4029)
7. 9V to 220V Step up transformer

Working of DC to AC inverter

• This is a simple inverter circuit based on 555 timer IC. Here timer IC wired as an astable multivibrator mode.

• We have already discussed about Astable multivibrator using 555. Here the oscillation frequency is set to 50Hz, supply frequency in India.

• The diode 1N4007 is used to get 50% duty cycle for the pulses from 555, it also reduces the design complexity.

• The output pulse from the 555 astable multivibrator is fed to the base of power transistor 2N5192. The 2N5192 transistor works as a switch, so the 12V DC supply passed through the transformer at a rate of 50 times per second.

• Transformer step up the 12V to 220V, thus we got 50Hz, 220VAC supply at the output of transformer secondary.

• Use a 12V battery along with a battery charger circuit to power this DC to AC inverter.

Design of Inverter circuit

555 timer Astable designed about to oscillate at 50Hz, line frequency.

Frequency of astable multivibrator is given by,

Choose C=10µF, then

Use R1=R=3kΩ 

El

******Related Topic ******

• 3V to 9V DC Converters
• 1.5V Battery to 5V Voltage Converter
• Simple UPS
• Mini High-Voltage Generator
• 555 timer IC Inverter circuit schematic 12V to 220V
• Simple Inverter

Simple Inverter

Have you ever wanted to run a TV, stereo or other appliance while on the road or camping? Well, this inverter should solve that problem. It takes 12 VDC and steps it up to 120 VAC. The wattage depends on which tansistors you use for Q1 and Q2, as well as how "big" a transformer you use for T1. The inverter can be constructed to supply anywhere from 1 to 1000 (1 KW) watts. 

C1, C2    2              68 uf, 25 V Tantalum Capacitor  

R1, R2    2              10 Ohm, 5 Watt Resistor              

R3, R4    2              180 Ohm, 1 Watt Resistor            

D1, D2   2              HEP 154 Silicon Diode    

Q1, Q2  2              2N3055 NPN Transistor (see "Notes")    

T1           1              24V, Center Tapped Transformer (see "Notes")               

MISC     1              Wire, Case, Receptical (For Output)         

1. Q1 and Q2, as well as T1, determine how much wattage the inverter can supply. With Q1,Q2=2N3055 and T1= 15 A, the inverter can supply about 300 watts. Larger transformers and more powerful transistors can be substituted for T1, Q1 and Q2 for more power.
2. The easiest and least expensive way to get a large T1 is to re-wind an old microwave transformer. These transformers are rated at about 1KW and are perfect. Go to a local TV repair shop and dig through the dumpster until you get the largest microwave you can find. The bigger the microwave the bigger transformer. Remove the transformer, being careful not to touch the large high voltage capacitor that might still be charged. If you want, you can test the transformer, but they are usually still good. Now, remove the old 2000 V secondary, being careful not to damage the primary. Leave the primary in tact. Now, wind on 12 turns of wire, twist a loop (center tap), and wind on 12 more turns. The guage of the wire will depend on how much current you plan to have the transformer supply. Enamel covered magnet wire works great for this. Now secure the windings with tape. Thats all there is to it. Remember to use high current transistors for Q1 and Q2. The 2N3055's in the parts list can only handle 15 amps each.
3. Remember, when operating at high wattages, this circuit draws huge amounts of current. Don't let your battery go dead :-).
4. Since this project produces 120 VAC, you must include a fuse and build the project in a case.
5. You must use tantalum capacitors for C1 and C2. Regular electrolytics will overheat and explode. And yes, 68uF is the correct value. There are no substitutions.
6. This circuit can be tricky to get going. Differences in transformers, transistors, parts substitutions or anything else not on this page may cause it to not function.
7. If you want to make 220/240 VAC instead of 120 VAC, you need a transformer with a 220/240 primary (used as the secondary in this circuit as the transformer is backwards) instead of the 120V unit specified here. The rest of the circuit stays the same. But it takes twice the current at 12V to produce 240V as it does 120V. 
8. Electronics Lab Created By Muhammad Irfan
   Electronics Lab Created By Muhammad Irfan
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

   ******Related Topic ******

   • 3V to 9V DC Converters
   • 1.5V Battery to 5V Voltage Converter
   • Simple UPS
   • Mini High-Voltage Generator
   • 555 timer IC Inverter circuit schematic 12V to 220V
   • Simple Inverter
                                                 
   
   
   
   
   

Difference between Microcontroller and Microprocessor

The microprocessor is a chip which has only the CPU and Control Unit inside it. But microprocessor does not 

has any built-in Memory,RAM,IO Ports,Timers,Serial Ports etc. So these parts need to be connected from 

outside with the microprocessor. Some examples of microprocessors are our PC processors , Processors used 

in our mobiles,Gadgets etc. 

 

 

 

 

 

The microcontroller has some common features with microprocessor but it differs from it in many aspects. The 

microcontroller has built-in ROM,RAM,IO ports,Timers,Serial Ports etc. As the microcontroller has all those 

parts embedded in it so it requires less hardware to build a complete system,which is an advantage of 

microcontroller. Some commercially available microcontrollers are DS1804Z- 

010,MAX5391MATE+T,MAX5391NATE+T,TPL0401B-10DCKR , MCP41050-I/P . 

The microprocessor stores program and data in same memory but microcontroller stores program and data in 

different memory.

 

 

 

 

Now you are thinking that if microcontroller has all the required hardwares in a single chip and they saves 

system space so why someone will use microprocessor. The microcontroller has few amount of built-in ROM 

and RAM . If you go for an expensive microcontorller then you will get hardly 1mb of ROM and RAM. But as you 

can connect external RAM and ROM with microprocessor so microprocessor based system can have huge 

RAM and ROM.

 

 

 

The highest frequency microcontroller available in the market is 400 MHZ - 800 MHZ. So for high speed 

operations microcontollers are not suitable. But the microprocessor can run up to few GHZ range. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

\\\\related topics\\\

• 8051 Special Function Registers and Ports,    
•  Ultrasonic range finder using 8051,
• 8051 Programming Tutorial,     
• 8051 Microcontroller/8051 Microcontroller Architecture, 
•  Interfacing Of a Buzzer Using Microcontroller 89C52/89S52, 
•  Digital Clock Using Microcontroller 89C52/89S52
• Digital Locking System Using Microcontroller 89C52/89S52
  
  

 

Electronics Lab created By Muhammad Irfan

Arduino Tre vs. Raspberry Pi Model B – 5 major differences

 Arduino Tre vs. Raspberry Pi Model B – 5 major differences

Comparing the Arduino Tre with the Raspberry Pi is the subject of this article, and we have to specify that the comparison is based on the preliminary specifications of the Arduino Tre. In the following, you can discover up to five major differences between the Tre and Pi.



The most important difference between Tre and Pi are:

• Arduino Tre has three microcontrollers dedicated for real-time applications;
• one USB 2.0 device port and 4 USB 2.0 host ports are available for Tre board, while the Pi has two USB 2.0 host ports;
• Tre has an on-board LCD expansion interface, while the Pi requires an expansion shield for LCD screens;
• the processor of the Tre has a clock speed of 1 GHz, while the Pi processor has a clock speed of 700 MHz;
• both electronic boards support different programming languages;

Arduino Tre vs. Raspberry Pi Model B

	Arduino Tre	Raspberry Pi Model B
Processor	1 GHz – Texas Instrument Sitara AM3359AZCZ100 (ARM Cortex-A8)	700 MHz – ARM1176JZ-F Applications Processor
Microcontroller	3x PRU 32-bit microcontrollers	–
Memory	512MB DDR3L	512MB SDRAM
Digital I/O Pins	14(5V logic) + 12 (3.3V logic)	26-pin from which 8 GPIO (3.3V logic)
Networking	Ethernet 10/100	Ethernet 10/100
USB ports	1 USB 2.0 device port, 4 USB 2.0 host ports	2 USB 2.0 host ports
Video Output	HDMI (1920×1080)	HDMI (1920×1200)
Audio Output	HDMI	HDMI
MicroSD card	Yes	Yes
Software	Linux	Linux
Programming languages	C, C++	Python, Java
Android support	?	Yes
Power	5V	5V
Dimensions	?	85.60mm x 56mm x 21mm

What is an Arduino Tre?

Arduino is above of all a community of engineers, hobbyists, or students around open source hardware platforms that comes in different versions. The first board was released in 2005 aiming to simplify the process of prototyping DIY electronic devices. Since then, few Arduino boards were released with significant improvements, but the biggest improvement for an Arduino board will be in 2014 when the Arduino Tre is planned to be released.
Arduino Tre will be the most powerful Arduino board, a mini computer with realistic features to run a full version of Linux. The Tre will be the first electronic Arduino board manufactured in the U.S., and the main reason is that the electronic device is the result of collaboration with BeagleBoard.org foundation.
The Arduino Tre is designed to encapsulate the experience and benefits of both Arduino and BeagleBoard communities, and this makes the technology more accessible to engineers, designers, students, or hobbyists.
Integrating a processor with 100 times more performance than any other Arduino boards, the Arduino Tre is able to run desktop applications, complex algorithms or to maintain high-speed communications.

What is a Raspberry Pi?

The Raspberry Pi was sold over time in more than 2 million exemplars, a remarkable number for a tiny electronic board with high performances and a price of about US $35.
This minicomputer is a powerful and inexpensive device for engineers, designers, students, or hobbyists involved in DIY projects or try to learn programming and building wonderful robotic applications.
Like Arduino boards, the Raspberry Pi was designed to be used especially in education, and also is a platform based on Linux and opened to write your own software to run on it.
The device comes in two models called A and B. Between the two models are small differences including here 512MB RAM for model B instead 256MB RAM of model A, 2 USB ports for model B instead only one USB port for model A, and no Ethernet connectivity for model A.
As a conclusion, the Raspberry Pi is a cheap, flexible and opened for experimentation minicomputer that can be useful for a large area of DIY projects.

Measures

The dimensions of the Arduino Tre are not listed, while the Raspberry Pi Model B measures are 85.60mm x 56mm x 21mm, which define a little electronic board. Based on the idea that the Arduino Tre is based on an Arduino and BeagleBoard boards, we suppose that this will keep the same measures.

Graphics

Arduino Tre – in this section the most important feature is the HDMI support, which means that the board can be used in several applications for digital or analog TV. The maximum resolution supported by the Tre for video files is 1920×1080 pixels. Any data could be displayed on an LCD screen due to the LCD expansion interface.
Raspberry Pi Model B – the Pi model B has also HDMI support, while for VGA support is required to use an adaptor. To display images on an LCD screen it is also required to use an LCD expansion shield for Raspberry Pi.

Audio

Arduino Tre – the board has HDMI support and stereo analog audio I/O.
Raspberry Pi Model B – it has also HDMI supported and for output uses a standard 3.5mm jack.

Power

Arduino Tre – the board requires a 5V power jack to run.
Raspberry Pi Model B – the Pi board requires the same voltage as Tre – 5V.

Hardware

Arduino Tre – the Tre is based on ARM Cortex-A8 processor by Texas Instrument Sitara with 1 GHz clock speed and 512MB RAM DDR3. A plus compared with Raspberry Pi Model B is that the Tre dedicated microcontrollers for real-time applications.
Raspberry Pi Model B – the B model is based on a low power ARM1176JZ-F processor with a working frequency of 700 MHz and 512MB of SDRAM.

Software

Arduino Tre – it is expected to use the same Arduino IDE written in Java and with support for C or C++ programming language. The operating system that runs on Tre is a full version of Linux.
Raspberry Pi Model B – it is recommended to run on Pi the Linux Debian OS version, while for programming its support Python or Java. Compared with Tre, the Pi can run a customized version of Android, while for Tre we just can suppose that the device can run also the Android OS.

Storage

Arduino Tre – it supports SD cards, but we don’t have any information about the maximum capacity of the memory card supported.
Raspberry Pi Model B – this minicomputer support memory card with up to 32GB memory space, while it is recommended to be used a card with at least 4GB space for storage.

Networking, USB and Wireless

Arduino Tre – the electronic board includes 10/100 wired Ethernet, and an increased number of USB ports are available.
Raspberry Pi Model B – the device has also support for 10/100 wired Ethernet, and dual USB connector.

******Related Topics *****

• Difference between Microcontroller and Microprocessor
• Arduino Tre vs. Raspberry Pi Model B – 5 major differences
• Types of Relays
• Electronics Basic Articles

 Electronics Lab Created By Muhammad Irfan

Ultrasonic range finder using 8051

Ultrasonic range finder using 8051

Ultrasonic range finder using 8051 .

A simple ultrasonic range finder using 8051 microcontroller is presented in this article. This ultrasonic rangefinder can measure distances up to  2.5 meters at an accuracy of 1 centi meter. AT89s51 microcontroller and the ultrasonic transducer module HC-SR04 forms the basis of this circuit. The ultrasonic module sends a signal to the object, then picks up its echo and outputs a wave form whose time period is proportional to the distance. The microcontroller accepts this signal, performs necessary processing and displays the corresponding distance on the 3 digit seven segment display. This circuit finds a lot of application in projects like automotive parking sensors, obstacle warning systems, terrain monitoring robots, industrial distance measurements etc.

HC-SR04 ultrasonic module.

HC-SR04 is an  ultrasonic ranging module designed for embedded system projects like this. It has a resolution of 0.3cm and the ranging distance is from 2cm to 500cm. It operates from a 5V DC supply and the standby current is less than 2mA. The module transmits an ultrasonic signal, picks up its echo, measures the time elapsed between the two events and outputs a waveform whose high time is modulated by the measured time which is proportional to the distance.  .The photograph of an HC-SR04 module is shown below.

The supporting circuits fabricated on the module makes it almost stand alone and what the programmer need to do is to send a trigger signal to it  for initiating transmission and receive the echo signal from it for distance calculation. The HR-SR04 has four pins namely Vcc, Trigger, Echo, GND and they are explained in detail below.

1) VCC : 5V DC supply voltage is connected to this pin.

2) Trigger: The trigger signal for starting the transmission is given to this pin. The trigger signal must be a pulse with 10uS high time. When the module receives a valid trigger signal it issues 8 pulses of 40KHz ultrasonic sound from the transmitter. The echo of this sound is picked by the receiver.

3)Echo: At this pin, the  module outputs a waveform with high time proportional to the distance.

4) GND: Ground is connected to this pin.

HC-SR04 timing diagram.

From the timing diagram, you can see that the 40KHz pulse train is transmitted just after the 10uS triggering pulse and the  echo output is obtained after some more time. The next triggering pulse can be given only after the echo is faded away and this time period is called cycle period. The cycle period for HC-SR04 must not be below 50mS. According to datasheet, the distance can be calculated from the echo pulse width using the following equations.

Distance in cm = echo pulse width in uS/58

Distance in inch = echo pulse width in uS/148

Ultrasonic range finder using 8051- Circuit diagram.

The ultrasonic module is interfaced to the microcontroller through P3.0 and P3.1 pins. Port0 used for transmitting the 8 bit display data to the display and port pins P1.0, P1.1, P1.2 are used for transmitting display drive signals for the corresponding display units D1, D2, D3. Push button switch S1, capacitor C3 and resistor R9 forms a de-bouncing reset circuitry. Capacitors C1,C2 and crystal X1 are associated with the clock circuit.

Program.

ORG 00H                // origin
MOV DPTR,#LUT          // moves the address of LUT to DPTR
MOV P1,#00000000B      // sets P1 as output port
MOV P0,#00000000B      // sets P0 as output port
CLR P3.0               // sets P3.0 as output for sending trigger
SETB P3.1              // sets P3.1 as input for receiving echo
MOV TMOD,#00100000B    // sets timer1 as mode 2 auto reload timer
MAIN: MOV TL1,#207D    // loads the initial value to start counting from
      MOV TH1,#207D    // loads the reload value
      MOV A,#00000000B // clears accumulator
      SETB P3.0        // starts the trigger pulse
      ACALL DELAY1     // gives 10uS width for the trigger pulse
      CLR P3.0         // ends the trigger pulse
HERE: JNB P3.1,HERE    // loops here until echo is received
BACK: SETB TR1         // starts the timer1
HERE1: JNB TF1,HERE1   // loops here until timer overflows (ie;48 count)
      CLR TR1          // stops the timer
      CLR TF1          // clears timer flag 1
      INC A            // increments A for every timer1 overflow
      JB P3.1,BACK     // jumps to BACK if echo is still available
      MOV R4,A         // saves the value of A to R4
      ACALL DLOOP      // calls the display loop
      SJMP MAIN        // jumps to MAIN loop

DELAY1: MOV R6,#2D     // 10uS delay
LABEL1: DJNZ R6,LABEL1
        RET     

DLOOP: MOV R5,#100D    // loads R5 with 100D
BACK1: MOV A,R4        // loads the value in R4 to A
       MOV B,#100D     // loads B with 100D
       DIV AB          // isolates the first digit
       SETB P1.0       // activates LED display unit D1
       ACALL DISPLAY   // calls DISPLAY subroutine
       MOV P0,A        // moves digit drive pattern for 1st digit to P0
       ACALL DELAY     // 1mS delay
       ACALL DELAY
       MOV A,B         // moves the remainder of 1st division to A
       MOV B,#10D      // loads B with 10D
       DIV AB          // isolates the second digit
       CLR P1.0        // deactivates LED display unit D1
       SETB P1.1       // activates LED display unit D2
       ACALL DISPLAY
       MOV P0,A        // moves digit drive pattern for 2nd digit to P0
       ACALL DELAY
       ACALL DELAY
       MOV A,B         // moves the remainder of 2nd division to A
       CLR P1.1        // deactivates LED display unit D2
       SETB P1.2       // activates LED display unit D3
       ACALL DISPLAY
       MOV P0,A     // moves the digit drive pattern for 3rd digit to P0
       ACALL DELAY
       ACALL DELAY
       CLR P1.2       // deactivates LED display unit D3
       DJNZ R5,BACK1  // repeats the display loop 100 times
       RET

DELAY: MOV R7,#250D        // 1mS delay
LABEL2: DJNZ R7,LABEL2
        RET

DISPLAY: MOVC A,@A+DPTR // gets the digit drive pattern for the content in A
         CPL A          // complements the digit drive pattern (see Note 1)
         RET
LUT: DB 3FH               // look up table (LUT) starts here
     DB 06H
     DB 5BH
     DB 4FH
     DB 66H
     DB 6DH
     DB 7DH
     DB 07H
     DB 7FH
     DB 6FH
END

About the program.

The first part of the program sets the initial conditions. Port 0 and P0rt 1 are set as output ports for sending digit drive patterns and digit drive signals respectively. Port pin 3.0 is set as an output pin for sending the trigger signal to the ultrasonic module for starting transmission and port pin 3.1 is set as an input pin for receiving the echo. TMOD register of the microcontroller is so loaded that the Timer 1 operates in mode2 8 bit auto-reload mode. Timer 0 of the microcontroller is not used here. In the next part of the program (loop MAIN) the TL1 and TH1 registers of Timer1 are loaded with the initial values. TL1 is loaded with the initial value to start counting from and TH1 is loaded with the reload value. This is how timer 1 in mode 2 works: When TR1 bit of the TCON register is set the TL1 starts counting from the initial value loaded into it and keeps counting untill roll over (ie; 255D). When roll over occurs, TF1 flag is set and TL1 is automatically loaded with the reload value stored in TH1 and the sequence is repeated until TR1 is made low by the program. The TF1 goes high at the first roll over and if you want it as an indicator for each roll over,  you have to clear it using the program  after each roll over. In the next part of the MAIN loop P3.0 is set high for 10uS and then cleared to make 10uS triggering pulse. The ultrasonic module issues a 40Khz pulse wave form after receiving this trigger and the program waits until a valid echo is received at P3.1. The pulse width of the echo signal is proportional to the distance to the obstacle and so the next job of the program is to measure the pulse width. Whenever there is a valid echo pulse at P3.1, the Timer1 starts and it counts from the initial value to 255 ie: 255-207= 48 counts. Then the counter restarts and accumulator increments by one for every restart. This sequence is repeated until the echo signal at P3.1 vanishes (ie; P3.1 goes low). Now the content in A will be equal to the number of  Timer1 reloads which is in fact proportional to the distance. From the datasheet it is clear that 58uS echo pulse width indicates 1cM distance. When the processor is clocked by a 12MHz crystal, 58 counts of Timer1 indicates 1cM. That means 1 reload is equal to 1cM. But here we are letting the Timer1 to count only 48 times before reload and this is done in order to compensate for the time lags caused by the branching instructions used for checking the status of P3.0 and P3.1 pins. If this trick is not done, the individual time lags caused by the branching instructions will be cumilatively added to the observed pulse width and the range finder will show a reading higher than the original distance. Some trial and error was required for getting the correct Timer1 reload value and with the 207D  (ie; 48 counts) used here the error was found to be less than half a centimeter which  is quite fine in this context. The next part of the program does necessary mathematics on the current content in A and displays it as 3 digit readout on the display.

Notes.

1) The LUT used here was originally made for a common cathode seven segment display and here we are using common anode displays. The CPL A instruction will just complement the obtained digit drive pattern and make is suitable for the common anode scheme. If you have time ,then cook up an LUT for common anode scheme and replace the current one using it. By this  you can avoid the extra CPL A instruction and it is the correct method.

2)The entire circuit can be powered from 5V DC.

3) Be careful while handling the Ultrasonic module. There are a lot of sensitive surface mount devices fabricated on its back side.



 

\\\\related topics\\\

• 8051 Special Function Registers and Ports,    
•  Ultrasonic range finder using 8051,
• 8051 Programming Tutorial,     
• 8051 Microcontroller/8051 Microcontroller Architecture, 
•  Interfacing Of a Buzzer Using Microcontroller 89C52/89S52, 
•  Digital Clock Using Microcontroller 89C52/89S52
• Digital Locking System Using Microcontroller 89C52/89S52
  
  

Electronics Lab Created By Muhammad Irfan